Compare boards: documented capabilities

A side-by-side of what Arduino UNO R3, UNO R4 WiFi, ESP32-DevKitC, Raspberry Pi 5, Pico, Pico 2 and Zero 2 W are documented to be and offer: what each is, how it is programmed, wireless, and GPIO logic level. Price is not compared.

Technologies that could fit

Suggestions only, not a recommendation. Check each record for limits.

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  Arduino UNO R3

  ATmega328P-based Arduino board with 14 digital I/O, 6 analog inputs, USB-B and power jack.

  Evidence: Inferred

• 

  Arduino UNO R4 WiFi

  UNO-form-factor board with a Renesas RA4M1 (48 MHz Cortex-M4, 5 V) plus an ESP32-S3 module for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, USB-C and a 12x8 LED matrix.

  Evidence: Inferred

• 

  ESP32-DevKitC

  Small Espressif development board with an ESP32-WROOM/WROVER module, USB-to-UART bridge and breadboard-friendly headers.

  Evidence: Inferred

• 

  Raspberry Pi 5

  Single-board computer with Broadcom BCM2712 quad-core Cortex-A76 at 2.4 GHz, up to 16 GB RAM, PCIe 2.0 x1 and 40-pin header.

  Evidence: Inferred

• 

  Raspberry Pi Pico (RP2040)

  RP2040-based microcontroller board (Pico 1 series) with 26 GPIO, 2 MB flash and PIO state machines.

  Evidence: Inferred

• 

  Raspberry Pi Pico 2

  Raspberry Pi Pico 2: RP2350A microcontroller board (dual Cortex-M33 or Hazard3 cores up to 150 MHz, 520 kB SRAM, 4 MB flash, 26 exposed 3.3 V GPIO).

  Evidence: Inferred

• 

  Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W

  Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W: 65 mm x 30 mm single-board computer with a quad-core 64-bit Arm Cortex-A53 at 1 GHz, 512 MB LPDDR2, 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 4.2/BLE, and an unpopulated 40-pin GPIO header footprint.

  Evidence: Inferred

• 

  Arduino IDE

  Arduino's desktop programming environment for writing sketches and uploading them to Arduino boards; IDE 2.x is open source and adds autocompletion, code navigation and a debugger, with Serial Monitor, Serial Plotter, library and board managers.

  Evidence: Inferred

• 

  ESP-IDF

  Espressif's development framework for ESP32-family SoCs: toolchain, build tools (CMake and Ninja), libraries including Wi-Fi, and an idf.py command-line workflow for building, flashing and monitoring.

  Evidence: Inferred

• 

  MicroPython

  Lean implementation of Python 3 for microcontrollers, with an interactive REPL, a 'machine' module for hardware access, and documented ports including ESP32 and Raspberry Pi RP2xxx (Pico).

  Evidence: Inferred

• 

  Raspberry Pi OS

  Raspberry Pi Ltd's official, free, Debian-based operating system for Raspberry Pi computers, offered in 64-bit and 32-bit builds and in desktop, Full and Lite editions.

  Evidence: Inferred

Caveats

Descriptive comparison of documented capabilities only; it does not rank the boards, and price is not compared. Cells marked class 2 are inferences from absence or from a related product in the same document. The Pico 2 W and other board variants are not covered. skill_level and budget_band are not set because no primary source read states them. Programming cells list what the documents read mention, not every supported language. No safety-critical, mains or high-voltage guidance.